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This is a list of aviation-related events during the 19th century (1 January 1801 – 31 December 1900): == 1800s - 1850s == * 1802 * * 5 July – André-Jacques Garnerin and Edward Hawke Locker make a 17 mile (27.4&nbsm;km) balloon flight from Lord's Cricket Ground in St John's Wood, London, England, to Chingford in just over 15 minutes. * 1803 * * British Rear Admiral Charles Henry Knowles proposes to the Admiralty that the Royal Navy loft an observation balloon from a ship in order to reconnoitre French preparations in Brest to invade Great Britain. His proposal is ignored.〔Layman 1989, p. 31.〕 * * 18 July – Etienne Gaspar Robertson and his copilot Lhoest ascend from Hamburg, Germany, to an altitude of around in a balloon.〔Hallion 2003, p.74.〕 * * 3–4 October – André-Jacques Garnerin covers a distance of from Paris, France, to Clausen, Germany. * 1804 * * Sir George Cayley builds a model glider with a main wing and separate, adjustable vertical and horizontal tail surfaces.〔Gibbs-Smith 2003, p. 35.〕 * * August/September – The scientists Joseph Louis Gay-Lussac and Jean Baptiste Biot use a balloon to conduct experiments on the earth's magnetic field and the composition of the upper atmosphere.〔Hallion 2003, p. 75.〕 *1806 * * Lord Cochrane flies kites from the Royal Navy 32-gun frigate HMS ''Pallas'' to spread propaganda leaflets along the coast of France. It is the first use of an aerial device in European maritime warfare.〔 * 1807 * * Jakob Degen, a clockmaker from Vienna, experiments with an ornithopter with flap-valve, flapping wings.〔Gibbs-Smith 2003 p. 39.〕 * 1809 * * Degen propels a hydrogen-filled balloon by flapping large ornithopter-style wings.〔 * * September – Sir George Cayley published the first part of his seminal paper ''On Aerial Navigation'', setting out for the first time the scientific principles of heavier-than-air flight.〔 * 1811 * * 31 May – Albrecht Berblinger crashes a hang glider (possibly a copy of Degen's) into the Danube. A reproduction built according to the design drawing in 1986 was capable of flight. * 1819 * * 6 July – Sophie Blanchard launches fireworks from her balloon in flight during an exhibition at the Tivoli Gardens in Paris. The fireworks accidentally ignite the gas in the balloon, which crashes on the roof of a house. She falls to her death, becoming the first woman to die in an aviation accident.〔(Shtashower, Daniel, "Book review: ‘Falling Upwards: How We Took to the Air’ by Richard Holmes," washingtonpost.com, December 13, 2013. )〕 * 1824 * * Englishman Thomas Harris dies when his balloon crashes near Carshalton, London, England. His female passenger survives. The exact cause is not determined but is apparently due to a valve Harris has designed to release gas from the balloon becoming stuck open. Despite dropping all ballast Harris was unable to stop a precipitous plunge.〔Royal Aeronautical Society, ''The Aeronautical journal'', vol. 33 (1929): 1824 DEATH OF LIEUT. THOMAS HARRIS AT BEDDINGTON PARK, CROYDON.〕 * 1836 * * 7–8 November – Flight of a coal gas balloon by Charles Green covering from London to Weilburg, with passengers Holland and Mason. It is the first overnight balloon flight.〔Shtashower, Daniel, "The First to Float Above the World," ''The Washington Post'', December 15, 2013, p. B3 (illustration caption).〕 * 1837 * * Robert Cocking jumps from a balloon piloted by Charles Green at a height of to demonstrate a parachute of his own design, and is killed in the attempt.〔Holmes 2014, p. 75〕 * 1839 * * The American John Wise introduces the ripping panel which is still used today. The panel solved the problem of the balloon dragging along the ground at landing and needing to be stopped with the help of anchors.〔Holmes 2014, p. 102〕 * * Charles Green and the astronomer Spencer Rush ascend to in a free balloon. * 1840 * * Louis Anslem Lauriat makes the first manned flight in Canada, at Saint John, New Brunswick, in his balloon ''Star of the East''. * 1841 * * An ironsmith ''kalfa'' (journeyman) Manojlo who "came to Belgrade from Vojvodina"〔(Serbian Icarus, the Kalfa Manojlo (in Serbian) )〕 attempts flying with an ornithopter. Refused by the authorities a permit to take off from the belfry of Belgrade Serbian Orthodox Cathedral, he clandestinely climbs to the rooftop of the Đumrukhana (Import Tax Headoffice) and takes off, landing in a heap of snow, and surviving.〔(100 Years of Aviation in Serbia (in Serbian) )〕 * 1842 * * November – English engineer William Samuel Henson makes the first complete draft of a power-driven aeroplane with steam-engine drive. The patent follows the works of Cayley. The English House of Commons rejects the motion for the formation of an "Aerial Transport Company" with great laughter. * 1843 * * William Samuel Henson and John Stringfellow file articles of incorporation for the world's first air transport company, the Aerial Transit Company * 1845 * * William Samuel Henson and John Stringfellow build a steam-powered model aircraft, with a wingspan of . *1848 * *John Stringfellow flies a powered monoplane model a few dozen feet in a powered glide at an exhibition at Cremorne Gardens in London. * 1849 * * 12–25 July – While blockading Venice, the Austrian Navy launches unmanned balloons (Montgolfières) equipped with explosive charges from the deck of the steamship ''Vulcano'' in an attempt to bombard Venice. Although the experiment is unsuccessful, it is both the first use of balloons for bombardment and the first time a warship makes offensive use of an aerial device.〔Layman 1989, p. 13.〕 * * Sir George Cayley launches a 10-year-old boy in a small glider being towed by a team of people running down a hill. This is the first known flight by a person in a heavier-than-air machine.〔Lewis 1962, p.178.〕 * 1852 * * 24 September – French engineer Henri Giffard flies from the Paris Hippodrome to Trappes in a steam-powered dirigible,〔Whitehouse, Arch, ''The Zeppelin Fighters'', New York: Ace Books, 1966, p. 14.〕 reaching a speed of about . * 1853 * * Late June or early July – Sir George Cayley's coachman successfully flies a glider, designed by his employer, some proportion of the distance across Brompton Dale in Yorkshire, becoming the world's first adult aeroplane pilot.〔Lewis 1962, p. 178.〕 Unimpressed with this honour, the coachman promptly resigns his employment. * 1856 * * December – French Captain Jean Marie Le Bris is towed into the air in his in his Artificial Albatross glider. * 1857 * * Félix Du Temple flies clockwork and steam-powered model aircraft, the first sustained powered flights by heavier-than-air machines. * * French brothers du Temple de la Croix apply after successful attempts with models for a patent for a power-driven aeroplane. * 1858 * * John Wise and three companions complete a Montgolfière flight over a distance of , (St. Louis - Henderson, USA). * * French airman Nadar takes the first aerial photographs.〔Holmes 2014, p.156〕 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Timeline of aviation – 19th century」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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